マッチングアルゴリズムを活用した農地集約プログラム

黒阪健吾

東北学院大学 経済学部

with 小野寺直喜(一般社団法人Tannbo)

日本農業最大の問題点は、農家の耕作地が複数箇所に分散する、いわゆる「分散錯圃」（ぶんさんさくほ）にあります。農家の作業時間の10〜15%が圃場間の移動に充てられているという事例研究もあるなど、農地を集約することにより作業時間の短縮が期待できるほか、生産拠点の集約も可能となることから生産コストの減少が期待されます。しかしながら、わが国では農業所得の不安定さや農地の資産保有意識などにより農地の取引が活発に行われておらず、また、農地の貸し借りの調整も人の手で行われているという技術的な制約などから、地域の農業の担い手の農地面積を拡大すること（=農地の集積）や、農地の分散を解消すること（=農地の集約）は共に進んでいません。このような背景から本研究では、農家の耕作意向情報（「耕作したい農地」はどこか、「耕作したくない農地」はどこか）を専用Webアプリを通じて収集し、アルゴリズムを用いて「耕作したい農地」と「耕作したくない農地」をマッチングさせることにより、農家の意向が反映させた農地の集約案・集積案を作成するプログラムを開発しています。今回の発表では、令和４年度から６年度にわたって、岩手県盛岡市で実施した一連の実証実験の結果を紹介します。また、令和７年度から始まる、農地集約プログラムが農家の生産性に与える影響について検証するRCTの実験デザインを紹介します。

2025年04月16日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

On mechanism design under inferential naivety and learning from market history

室岡健志

大阪大学社会経済研究所

with 山下拓朗（大阪大学）

本報告では、限定合理的な戦略的思考の意味でのバイアスをもつ消費者と合理的な消費者が混在する場合における最適な市場メカニズム設計の分析を紹介する。具体的には、Eyster and Rabin (2005, Econometrica)で定義されている「相手プレイヤーが持つ私的情報を、その相手が取る行動から完全合理的に推測することができない（cursedness）」というバイアスに着目し、アカロフの中古車市場モデルのような片側の逆選択により市場の失敗が存在する場合における最適なメカニズム設計を理論的に分析する。加えて、バイアスをもつ消費者が過去の市場取引情報から財の価値について学習が可能な場合における市場設計について議論する。

2025年05月07日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Public Media Do Serve the State: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment

黒田敏史

東京経済大学 経済学部

with 北村周平

This study examines the demand and supply of information in public media within democratic settings using natural language processing and a randomized experiment. By applying unsupervised machine learning to a corpus of approximately 200,000 TV programs, we find that public media tend to favor the government’s views over those of foreign governments. However, this bias does not extend to ideological divisions along partisan lines. To further explore the effects of public media exposure, we randomly increased access to public media programs. Participants in the treatment group evaluated government policies more favorably than those in the control group, suggesting that public media influences public opinion. Building on these findings, we develop a structural model that accounts for strategic interactions between broadcasters and conduct counterfactual simulations. In a counterfactual situation where all consumers were subjected to the same environment as the treatment group, equilibrium results indicate increased exposure to public media content, bringing it even closer to the government’s position. In contrast, reducing overall TV demand by half leads all broadcasters to produce more balanced information.

2025年05月21日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Using Final Tax Return Data for Heterogeneous-Agent Dynamic General Equilibrium Model

Kazuki Hiraga

Graduate School of Economics, Nagoya City University

with Hiroshi Gunji (Daito Bunka University), Kenji Miyazaki (Hosei University)

We use novel Japanese final tax return (FTR) data to estimate both the progressive income tax function and income shock. We also study the macroeconomic and distributional implications of using them in the heterogeneous-agent macro model. Tax progressivity in the FTR data is low and almost flat regarding the tax function. Regarding the income shocks, the FTR data indicate that both the variance and persistence of income shocks are larger than the estimates based on Japanese survey data. The model calibrated based on the FTR data overestimates the income and asset inequality of the Japanese data but successfully replicates the consumption inequality.

2025年06月04日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Economics of incentivization and social preferences: A lesson from classroom experiment and meta-study

Weicheng Yi

Waseda University, Graduate School of Economics

Understanding the significance of social preferences, especially other-regarding preferences, is essential for various economic and social aspects such as market performance, collective actions, public goods provision, and pro-environmental behaviors (Fehr & Fischbacher, 2002; Charness & Rabin, 2002; Leibbrandt, 2012; Bauer et al., 2016; Iwasaki, 2023). The nature of social preferences and their measurement have a long history in both psychology and economics (De Cremer & Van Lange, 2001; Fehr & Fischbacher, 2002; Murphy & Ackermann, 2014). In psychology, social preferences refer to the personality traits and behavior to consider the welfare of others, such that individuals with prosocial preferences tend to behave more prosocially than individuals with pro-self preferences (De Cremer & Van Lange, 2001; McClintock & Allison, 1989; Murphy et al., 2011; Van Lange et al., 2011). Economics literature defines a social preference as an individual’s preference regarding the payoffs of others, such as how the individual ranks possible combinations of personal payoffs and the payoffs of others (Charness and Rabin, 2002; Levitt & List, 2007). These preferences manifest in behaviors like altruism, fairness, and cooperation. The primary traditions for measuring social preferences in economics are revealed and stated preferences. Revealed preferences are inferred from actual behavior in specific tasks, such as dictator games or public goods games, whereas stated preferences are derived from self-reported data on hypothetical or real-world behaviors (Beshears et al., 2008). Behavioral economics measures social preferences via experimental tasks where individuals make decisions that affect their own payoffs and those of others. Common examples include the ultimatum and trust games, which have been widely used to study fairness and reciprocity (Kerschbamer et al., 2017). These measures help uncover the structural properties of tasks and environments that influence social behaviors. On the other hand, psychologists rely on self-report measures that involve asking individuals to rate their willingness to engage in prosocial behaviors or their attitudes toward fairness and cooperation (Van Lange et al., 2011). These measures are used to study stable individual characteristics and are included in various large-scale surveys and panel studies (Chuang & Schechter, 2015; Kuroishi & Sawada, 2024). Self-reports offer insight into enduring traits but may lack the precision of behavioral tasks in predicting real-life actions. Additionally, psychologists utilize social value orientation (SVO) measures to gauge social preferences without incentivizing it (De Cremer & Van Lange, 2001; Murphy et al., 2011; Van Lange et al., 2011; Murphy & Ackermann, 2014). In psychology, human traits are evaluated considering the temporal stability and predictive validity of social preference measures, which are crucial factors. Self-report assessments of social preferences exhibit more excellent temporal stability than behavioral measures, suggesting they more effectively capture consistent individual traits (Bohm et al., 2021; Froehlich et al., 2021). Nonetheless, the disparity between self-reported (non-incentivization) and actual decisions (incentivization) is an ongoing debate for accurately assessing social preferences. Although incentivized experiments have a good rationale, recent evidence suggests that incentivization may not always matter, it might have a crowding out effect (Forsythe et al., 1994; Grech et al., 2022). Also, Matousek et al., (2022), conduct meta-analysis and suggest that it does not matter systematically for the reported discount rates whether experiments use real or hypothetical rewards. Thus, several open questions exist, such as why incentivization may not always matter in experimental economics. What payment conditions can be used in laboratory experiments, and how do they affect the outcome? What are the temporal stability, convergent validity, and predictive validity in experiments with or without incentives (Svorenčík & Maas, 2016; Mata et al., 2018)? Therefore, the proposed study aims to examine the economics of incentivization and social preferences (SVO) through classroom experiments. It is crucial to understand whether incentivizing participants affects their other-regarding preferences (SVO) authenticity. Previous research suggests that incentivization may misalign motivations and lead to biased outcomes in understanding cooperative behaviors (Bowles & Hwang, 2008; Matousek et al., 2022). Therefore, this study will explore the necessity and impact of incentivization on social preferences, contributing to the broader discourse on temporal stability, convergent validity, and predictive validity in effective experimental methodologies and the evolution of economic theories (Camerer et al., 2000).

2025年06月18日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

When Fairness is Unfair: Understanding Norm Abandonment in Bargaining

Tuan Vinh Pham

Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University

with Linjia Jiang and Yoshio Kamijo

To examine how fairness norms shape agreements, we conduct an experiment, where participants first select a preferred allocation norm and subsequently decide whether to follow this rule in different resource division scenarios. Participants can choose from three principles: equal division, equal gain, and proportional division, which respectively represent strict egalitarian, liberal egalitarian and libertarian ideals. When paired with another sharing the same norm, participants decide whether to adhere to the projected division or negotiate a different outcome. Experimental results reveal that participants renege on the agreement more frequently when allocations are perceived as unfair to the self: high contributors in equal division and low contributors in proportional division. Furthermore, attachment to equality is significantly stronger than attachment to proportionality. Equal gain, representing a middle ground between two ideological extremes and coinciding with the Nash bargaining solution, is the most favored at both preselection and negotiation outcomes. We discuss several applications of our findings in the domain of peace negotiations.

2025年07月02日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Evaluating the Impact of Third-Party Intermediaries in Disclosure Game

Ruiqi TANG

Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University

with Yoshio KAMIJO

This research is based on the most fundamental disclosure game model and introduces two more realistic signal generation mechanisms (average signals and estimation signals) by neutral Third-Party Intermediaries. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a 2x2 treatment experiment was designed. The experimental results show that when information is scarce, the receiver tends to overguess, while when the information is more abundant, there is a tendency for “excessive suspicion”. In terms of the receiver's overall benefit, the two-signal mechanism is more advantageous than the one-signal mechanism, while average signals and estimation signals did not show significant differences. As for the sender, no significant differences in payoff loss were found across the four treatments.

2025年07月16日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Nudge to Promote Bicycle Locking

Masako Oi

University of Kochi

with Takahito Shimada（Shiga University), Ryohei Hayashi (Kochi University of Technology), Kei Hibino (Kochi University), Nobuhiro Mifune (Kochi University of Technology), Hitomi Watanabe (Kochi University), Tomoko Yamakawa, Hideaki Kondo, Taiga Shindoi, Nozomi Tamura (Community Safety Planning Division, Kochi Prefectural Police Headquarters)

Theft is a prevalent crime, particularly non-burglary and vehicle thefts, which account for a significant portion of reported cases. Many of these thefts can be prevented when victims take precautions, such as locking and securely storing their bicycles. In Kochi Prefecture in Japan, a staggering 79.28% of bicycle thefts involve unlocked bicycles, and using double locks can substantially reduce losses. We implemented a nudge to promote bicycle locking among junior and senior high school students to address this issue. Initially, we surveyed 3,806 junior and senior high school students in Kochi to understand their motivations for locking or failing to lock their bicycles in the school parking lots. We received valid responses from 1,188 students, resulting in a response rate of 31.21%. An analysis of these responses identified several factors influencing the decision to lock bicycles: the importance of bicycles, awareness of theft probability, habitual behavior, the influence of others locking their bikes, and long-term parking. Conversely, factors discouraging locking included perceived low effectiveness, theft awareness, inconvenience, lack of peer behavior, and short parking periods. Next, we employed a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 'I lock my bicycle every time' to 'I have never locked my bicycle,' as our dependent variable and performed regression analysis with each identified factor as an explanatory variable. Our findings revealed that the habit of locking was a significant reason for not locking, while the perception of hassle was a notable reason for not locking. We created posters encouraging students to lock their bicycles in response to these insights. We conducted a field experiment in which we displayed these posters in bicycle parking lots in different schools. Each poster featured one of three themes: one that emphasized the habitual nature of locking, another that addressed the inconvenience, and a third that encouraged locking. We visually measured the bicycle locking rates in the school lots before and after displaying the posters to assess the intervention's effectiveness. Ultimately, the results indicated no significant difference in locking rates between the different poster messages. However, analysis of a follow-up questionnaire revealed that schools where a higher percentage of students perceived locking their bicycles as habitual reported higher locking rates. In contrast, schools where students viewed locking as more troublesome had lower locking rates, aligning with our earlier factor analysis. Notably, when asked if they had seen the posters, only 19.46% of students confirmed they had, and many of those indicated they 'did not remember' the content. These findings suggest that at least two obstacles hinder the effectiveness of nudges. The first is whether the nudge influences behavior towards the desired action, and the second is whether it successfully reaches the target subjects. In this case, while the bicycle-locking promotion nudge aimed to guide students' behavior correctly, it ultimately failed to capture their attention and change their locking habits.

2025年07月30日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A311

フラクタル市場仮説に基づくポートフォリオ選択について

柿中 晋治

金融資産への投資配分を決めるポートフォリオ理論において、リターンの最大化およびリスクの最小化は効果的な分散投資の実現に向けて重要なミッションである。伝統的な「平均分散法」では資産リターンの標準偏差をリスクと考えているが、投資家の認知バイアスによる価格形成の歪みなど行動経済学の発展を背景にこうしたポートフォリオ選択手法は深刻な批判を受けており、従来方法の枠組みではリスクを正しく捉えることができないとされている。そこで、本研究では金融時系列が自己相似なフラクタルパターンを示すことに着眼し、通常の分散ではなく投資家間の不均一性や資産リターンの非線形性を反映した分散でリスクを代用した場合のポートフォリオ選択を提案する。マルチアセットを使った実証分析では、パフォーマンスの向上や最大損失の低減などが確認できていることから、フラクタル市場仮説の有効性が示唆される結果となった。

2025年08月06日(水) 12:00-13:00

Online

感情制御と文化：精神的健康への示唆

平野 寛樹

名古屋大学大学院情報学研究科

with 石井 敬子

日常生活、特にストレスフルな出来事に対し、適切に感情を制御し対処することは、幸福感の向上や抑うつの低減といった精神的健康の維持・改善に不可欠である。一方で、当該文化において支配的な自己観や規範は、感情制御やコーピング方略（ストレス対処方略）の使用とその有効性に影響を及ぼしうるものの、その知見は限定的である。そこで本発表では、感情の再評価や抑制（表出）、さらにセルフ・コンパッションが適切なコーピング方略の使用とどの程度関連しているのか、そして幸福感に代表されるポジティブ感情や孤独感に代表されるネガティブ感情にどのように反映されるのかについて、経験サンプリング法の調査も交えた一連の日米比較研究に基づく成果を報告する。その上で、感情制御やコーピングに関する文化的特性を踏まえた心理的介入のあり方について考察する。

2025年10月15日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Training and Development of Employees with a Focus on the Automotive Area

Vasilii Ostin

Department of Business Administration and Management, Faculty of Economics, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic

Contemporary market dynamics are transforming the foundations of human resource management, particularly within industries undergoing rapid technological and structural change. The transition from manual labour to knowledge-based has placed employee development at the core of organizational competitiveness. This research investigates the effectiveness of employee learning and development practices in the automotive area. The principal objective of this study is to identify and evaluate the key factors influencing the effectiveness of training processes across pre-training, training, and post-training phases. The dissertation explores the impact of training content, digital learning tools, managerial support, and feedback mechanisms on skill retention, employee motivation, and performance outcomes. A mixed-methods approach has and will be applied, combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The empirical part includes semi-structured interviews with HR and Learning & Development managers from worldwide organizations, followed by pilot and large-scale questionnaire surveys targeting employees. The study contributes to the understanding of human capital development within the European automotive context, highlighting the strategic importance of employee development in sustaining competitiveness and innovation. Its outcomes aim to provide actionable recommendations for HR and L&D professionals to optimize corporate learning strategies, improve workforce adaptability, and foster a culture of continuous learning aligned with the evolving needs of the European market.

2025年10月22日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

協調関係と感情

中村 隆文

神奈川大学 国際日本学部

本報告では、協調問題（cooperative problem）について、18世紀の哲学者デイヴッド・ヒューム（David Hume, 1711-1776）の「コンヴェンション（convention）」の観点から考察し、人間本性における感情機能が協調関係の形成・維持に対して果たす役割を論じてゆくものである。まず、協調関係というものが、単なるwin-winな関係だけでなく、それぞれの思惑のもと、コストをどう負担し合うか、あるいは、余剰利益をどう配分するかについて取引するような「調停問題（coordination problem）」を含んでいることから考察をはじめる。協調におけるコストもしくはベネフィットの調整がうまくゆくためには、当事者双方が、或る程度の「譲歩」をする必要がある。この譲歩の仕方について詳細に分析した、政治哲学者デイヴィッド・ゴティエ（David Gauthier）の「相対的譲歩のミニマックス原理」を引き合いにだしつつ、自身と異なる相手への譲歩は、「対等な人格への配慮」という意味があること、そしてそれが、協調関係へと互いを誘うものであることを説明する。本報告が提示する重要なポイントとして、こうした譲歩に基づく協調関係は、合理性だけではなく、「感情」も関わっている、ということである。このことは、さまざまな実験で確認されている。その一つとして「最後通牒ゲーム」を挙げ、　そこにおいてみえる譲歩や感情的配慮といったものの必要性を見てゆく。また、感情的要素は、コンヴェンションにおける認知機能とも関わっていると思われるそのことを説明するにあたり、「４枚カード問題(four-card problem)」とその変形バージョンについて説明し、我々はルール破りに対し「不正者検知(cheater-detection)」を行うことで、システム１的な感覚的・反応的な判断が――システム２的なロジカルで計算的判断よりも正確に――適切な推論をしていることを確認したい。その後、それが「怒り」の感情と関係することを示したLaurence Fiddickの実験を紹介する。結論としては、協調関係において、個々の当事者は、感覚的・反応的・感情的に、しかし、恣意的ではない形で。何が不正で何がそうでないかを判断していること、そこでは、感情と認知とが混じり合った心的状態があるということを示すつもりである。総体的にみれば、本報告は、道徳感情論（moral sentimentalism）を提唱したヒューム思想という古典的な哲学と、現代の認知心理学や行動経済学との架橋を試みた学際的なものといえよう。

2025年11月05日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Who Bears the Cost? High-Frequency Evidence on Minimum Wage Effects and Amenity Pass-Through in Spot Labor Markets

Hayato Kanayama

早稲田大学

with Sho Miyaji, and Suguru Otani

This paper provides causal evidence on the short-run effects of minimum wage hikes in a spot labor market, using confidential contract-level data from Timee, a Japanese job matching platform. Leveraging high-frequency variation and a bin-level difference-in-differences design, we find a 2 percentage point decline in employment within affected wage bins, with losses concentrated below the new threshold. Transportation reimbursement—a flexible nonwage amenity—remains largely unchanged, indicating limited pass-through. These findings suggest that spot labor markets adjust rapidly through wage compliance, with the cost burden borne by establishments rather than offset through reductions in job amenities.

2025年11月19日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Biryani, Bribery, and Ballot Boxes in Pakistan

Etienne Farvaque

Université de Lille

with Maqsood Aslam (Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan) Etienne Farvaque (U de Lille) Hira Iqbal (National University of Science and Technology, Pakistan)

We analyze the extent of vote-buying in Pakistan, comparing its prevalence and impact under the authoritarian and democratic regimes the country has known. We use household level consumption survey data from the Pakistan Social Living Measurement (PSLM), for the period 2004-2019, as well as data on local elections from the Election commission of Pakistan (ECP). We first document the presence of vote-buying at the macroeconomic level, and then, using a difference-in-difference on quasi-randomization by survey dates methodology, we compare the increase in consumption expenditures at the microeconomic level. We show that consumption increases during electoral periods, but rather before the election in autocracy versus after the election in the democratic regime.

2025年12月17日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

A game of status: gender asymmetry in loss aversion

Yaxin Liu

University of New South Wales

This study examines gender differences in loss aversion to status. Drawing on data from over 14,000 Grand Slam matches in professional tennis, I introduce a novel measure—the Net Tournament Balance (NTB)—which quantifies how far a player is, in ranking points, above or below the reference point at which their current world ranking is maintained. To identify causal effects of placement in the “loss” domain on performance, I employ a regression discontinuity design. The findings reveal a pronounced gender difference: male players exhibit strong status-based loss aversion. They become significantly more likely to win and adopt a more aggressive playing style when facing the threat of status decline, consistent with prospect theory. In contrast, female players show no comparable behavioral adjustment relative to this reference point. Additional analysis suggests that culture, social norms, and identity may contribute to male players’ sensitivity to status loss.

2025年12月18日(木) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Outcome-Dependent and Sign-Dependent Time Preferences: Incentivized Intertemporal Choices Involving Effort and Money

山本翔平（Shohei Yamamoto）

立教大学経済学部

with 花木伸行（大阪大学）, 芝正太郎（東洋大学）

Previous research consistently identified differences in time preferences between effort and monetary decisions. However, the root cause of this difference—whether it stemmed from the intrinsic nature of the outcomes or the associated pleasurable or unpleasurable experiences—remained undefined. In response, we conducted novel two-stage experiments employing a 2 X 2 design contrasting outcomes (money and effort) and domains (gain and loss). This approach allowed for the incentivization of all decisions, including those involving future monetary losses. Our study reveals that while there is no significant difference in present bias between monetary and effort-based choices, the degree of time inconsistency differs significantly, indicating outcome-dependent preferences. Across both experiments, we consistently found no evidence of present bias in any of the four conditions.

2026年01月28日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

When Democratic Choice Meets Identity: Cooperation in a Public Goods Game with Third-Party Punishment

權 孝智 (Hyoji KWON)

兵庫県立大学 国際商経学部

This study investigates the interaction between democratic institutions and group identity in a social dilemma. While democratic legitimacy is known to enhance cooperation, its effectiveness in the presence of strong in-group bias remains under-explored. We conduct a laboratory experiment employing a factorial design that manipulates the monitor selection mechanism (democratically elected versus randomly assigned) and group identity (induced versus absent). Group identity is induced via the minimal group paradigm and reinforced by a group consolidation task. The main experimental stage features a repeated public goods game with a third-party punishment mechanism. In identity treatments, groups are mixed, comprising both in-group and out-group members relative to the monitor. Crucially, to isolate the effect of procedural legitimacy from discriminatory punishment, we enforce strict anonymity: monitors observe contribution levels but not the contributors' group affiliations. Our results demonstrate that the impact of democratic institutions varies significantly by the identity match between the monitor and the contributor. For out-group enforcement, elected monitors generate a significant "level effect," imposing stricter enforcement that raises baseline cooperation compared to exogenously assigned monitors. Conversely, regarding in-group enforcement, while punishment by a randomly assigned monitor typically triggers a collapse in cooperation due to betrayal aversion, elected monitors generate a "rebound effect." Although the negative reaction to punishment persists initially, election legitimacy buffers this effect, leading to a significant recovery in cooperation over time. These findings suggest that democratic legitimacy transforms punishment from a hostile act into a valid signal, enabling effective enforcement even in polarized environments.

2026年02月04日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

The Promise and Paradox of Digital Work: Is Simultaneous Productivity and Job Satisfaction Achievable?

Malo Mofakhami

Sorbonne Paris Nord University

TBA

2026年03月17日(火) 10:30-12:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Intragenerational inequality and intergenerational sustainability

ISLAM Md Tawhidul

Department of Economics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh., Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan.

with Yuki Nasu, Moinul Islam, Kenta Tanaka and Koji Kotani

Many global agendas are intergenerational, such as climate change, environmental problems and financial sustainability, and resolving such an intergenerational sustainability (IS) problem is pivotal for survival of humans. While there have been several works that address intergenerational problems, little is known about how people behave towards IS under the presence (or absence) of inequality. We investigate how inequality in a generation, i.e., intragenerational inequality, affects the members, hypothesizing that they behave selfishly and IS is compromised under the inequality as compared to the equality. An online intergenerational goods game (IGG) experiment is conducted with 340 subjects under three treatments that correspond to equality, high inequality and super-high inequality in a generation. In IGG, each subject in a generation of five members decides how much she harvests for herself from an intergenerational common good, given some endowment. If the members (do not) harvest too much, the common good shall be (replenished) depleted and (be transferred) not be transferred to the next generation. Our results indicate that intragenerational inequality induces the members not to harvest both fairly and sustainably, adversely affecting IS. Although the members with high endowments tend to reduce their harvests as compared to those with low endowments under inequality, the reduction is not enough to maintain IS. Overall, this study demonstrates that intragenerational inequality and IS shall be in a trade-off relationship. Thus, optimally finding a balance between the two will be a practical resolution, as capitalism is so dominant that intragenerational inequality is widening in the world.

2024年10月16日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

Does future design induce people to make a persistent change to sustainable food consumption?

Md. Mostafizur Rahman

School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology

with Khatun Mst. Asma, Moinul Islam, Tatsuyoshi Saijo and Koji Kotani

It is crucial whether or not people make sustainable food consumption (SFC) for resolving climate change, health and environmental problems as well as achieving SDGs. However, little is known about what encourages people to make a sustained shift to SFC. This research considers a future design (FD) approach where people are asked to think of a problem and take actions through taking a perspective of future generations, investigating the question ``how does the FD approach impact food consumption?'' and the hypothesis ``FD induces a lasting shift to SFC.'' We employ a social experiment with three treatments of ``baseline,'' ``deliberation'' and ``FD,'' collecting data on organic and nonorganic vegetable consumptions with 300 households in Bangladesh over three months. In baseline, households report the consumptions. In deliberation, they additionally deliberate among their family members to think of a vision, a mission and a strategy for the consumptions. In FD, they additionally take each perspective of past, current and future generations and then deliberate to think of the same issues. The result indicates that FD affects people to have a sustained increase (decrease) in organic (nonorganic) vegetable consumption as compared to any other treatment, and the effect under FD is approximately twice as much as that under deliberation in magnitude and in each round. Overall, FD demonstrates a great potential for inducing people to make a persistent change to SFC.

2024年11月06日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

共助活動への協力意向に影響を与える個人的・組織的要因の分析

長曽我部 まどか

鳥取大学工学部 社会システム土木系学科

with 中土 朋哉, 谷本 圭志, 山口 由美子

中山間地域では生活サービスの縮小や撤退に伴い，住民による送迎支援や買い物代行といった新たな共助活動を行う必要性が高まっている．自治体は組織に対し資金や物資による支援を行っている．一方で，共助活動の実現性や持続性を高める要因には，住民の協力意向，スキルといった個人的な要素や集落の雰囲気や組織体制といった組織的な要素が考えられることから，それらに対する支援も重要である．しかしながら，各要素が共助活動に対してどのように影響を与えているのかは不明である．本研究では，鳥取県西伯郡大山町の4つの地域に対するアンケート調査を行い，共助活動の実現可能性を高める要素および各要素と共助活動の関係を共分散構造分析により明らかにした．

2024年11月20日(水) 12:00-13:00

Online

Adaptation indicator to climate change and farm sizes in agriculture: A reflection of farming culture and history

Husniddin Sharofiddinov

School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology

with Moinul Islam and Koji Kotani

Climate change is a global concern, having a negative impact on agriculture, for food security and sustainability. Farmers' adaptations are known to be key drivers for the resolutions. However, little is established about relationships between farmers' characteristics and adaptation responses to climate change under irrigated agriculture. We investigate how farm sizes influence the adaptations in consideration to irrigation related, cognitive and socioecological factors reflecting farming culture and history, hypothesizing that large-size farms adapt to climate change as compared to small-size ones in Tajikistan, where collective farming, “Kolkhoz and Sovkhoz,’’ had been practiced. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey with 800 farmers on their adaptations, farm sizes, climatic perceptions, irrigation water availability and other factors. We conduct statistical analyses utilizing the indicator to characterize farmers' adaptation responses. The results indicate an importance of farm sizes on adaptations, demonstrating that small-size farms adapt less than large-size farms, but increases their adaptations when they have good climatic perceptions and irrigation water availability. Overall, this research confirms an advantage of large-size farms for adaptations based on Tajikistan farming culture and history. Thus, the ongoing land fragmentation policy should be reconsidered for possible losses in adaptations, as it has been drastically increasing the number of small-size farms. Otherwise, it is essential to support the small-size farms for acquiring good perceptions and enough water.

2024年12月04日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

部下のVoice行動がリーダーのエンパワーリーダーシップに与える影響について

張 森(チョウ シン)

早稲田大学 商学部

with Yang Yunyue (横浜国立大学)

本研究は、エンパワリング・リーダーシップの先行要因を検討し、特に部下のvoice行動がエンパワリング・リーダーシップに及ぼす影響を明らかにすることを目的としている。エンパワリング・リーダーシップとは、「権力共有を促進し、従業員の仕事への関与を動機づけることを意図したリーダーの行動」と定義される。グローバル化と不確実性が高まる現代の職場では、リーダーが全ての意思決定や業務プロセスを管理することは困難であり、部下への権限委譲の必要性が増している。そのため、エンパワリング・リーダーシップは現代組織において有効なリーダーシップスタイルとして注目されている。先行研究では、このリーダーシップが個人、チーム、組織のパフォーマンスに有意な効果をもたらすことが示されているが、その先行要因に関する研究は極めて少なく、特に部下関連要因の役割については十分な検討がなされていない。この研究課題に取り組むため、本研究では部下のvoice行動に着目する。voice行動とは、「従業員が建設的なアイデア、提案、または仕事に関する懸念を組織のリーダーに自発的に提供すること」と定義される。voice行動は組織に多くの利点をもたらす一方で、変革志向のアイデアが上司への批判として受け止められる可能性もある。そのため、voice行動の結果を検討する際には、その表明方法に注目することが重要とされている。本研究では、合理的アピール（rational appeal）と感情的アピール（emotional appeal）という2つの異なる方略に着目し、これらがエンパワリング・リーダーシップに与える影響を検討する。合理的アピールは証拠に基づく客観的な方法でアイデアを提示するのに対し、感情的アピールは受け手の感情的反応を主観的に喚起することを目的とする。フォロワーシップ理論の役割ベースアプローチとシグナリング理論に基づき、合理的アピールによるvoice行動が感情的アピールによるものよりも強い影響を持つと予測する。また、この関係は上司による従業員の主体性の帰属によって媒介されると考えられる。さらに、部下の性別による調整効果も検討し、特に女性従業員からの合理的アピールがより高い主体性の帰属につながると予測する。これらの仮説を検証するため、日本とイギリスという異なる文化的背景においてシナリオ実験を実施する。本研究は、エンパワリング・リーダーシップ、voice行動、ジェンダーに関する研究に理論的・実践的示唆を提供することを目指している。

2024年12月18日(水) 12:30-13:30

永国寺キャンパス A327

Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap

Yoko Okuyama

Uppsala University

with Takeshi Murooka (Osaka University) and Shintaro Yamaguchi (University of Tokyo)

We estimate the child penalty using personnel data that enables us to decompose the penalty into different pay components. The estimated penalty is driven by time-based pay immediately after childbirth. Subsequently, however, job-rank-based pay becomes increasingly significant, eventually becoming the dominant factor by the 15-year mark. This shift is interconnected: reduced working hours lead to lower performance evaluations, which in turn limit promotion opportunities. Our theoretical model demonstrates that current promotion practices can cause production inefficiency. Addressing them would reduce the penalty and improve talent management, making a business case for gender equality.

2025年01月15日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

職場におけるジョブ・クリープ概念についての探索的検討

陳 青

神戸大学大学院経営学研究科

職場では、個人が自発的に行った行動は、いつの間にか同僚に当然視され、その行動が義務に変わることがある。この現象をジョブ・クリープという。既存研究では、ジョブ・クリープが起きると、個人は心身ともに疲弊し、燃え尽きを経験するとされている。 悪影響があるにもかかわらず、ジョブ・クリープを経験している従業員はなぜジョブ・クリープを引き起こす行動をやり続けるのかはまだ解明されていない。本研究では、インタビュー調査を用いて、職場におけるジョブ・クリープ概念についての探索的検討を行う。

2025年02月05日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

社会的な心の痛みの緩和：動脈血圧反射に着目したアプローチ

伊﨑 翼

高知工科大学 経済・マネジメント学群

所属する社会集団から除外され，無視される社会的排斥を経験すると，社会的痛みと呼ばれる不快な主観反応が生じる。社会的痛みの長期化は無力感やうつ病の誘発といったように，精神的健康に対して悪影響を及ぼす。発表者は社会的痛みを緩和させる方法として，これまで動脈血圧反射に着目した検討を行ってきた。動脈血圧反射とは血圧を維持する負のフィードバックシステムであり，例えば頸動脈洞と大動脈弓の圧受容器が血圧増加を検出すると心拍数の低下と末梢血管拡張が生じる。この動脈血圧反射が社会的痛みに及ぼす影響を検討するために，動脈血圧反射を実験的に誘発したタイミング，または血圧反射が活性化する心臓収縮期のタイミングに合わせ，社会的痛みを生起させる排斥刺激を呈示する方法が用いられる。本発表では，これら2つの手法を用いて得られた研究成果を紹介する。

2025年02月19日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327

クロス・ファンクショナル・チームにおける外部環境の認知の相違

秋保 亮太

帝塚山学院大学 総合心理学部

with 大沼沙樹（千葉商科大学）, 村瀬俊朗（早稲田大学）, 池上重輔（早稲田大学）

グローバリゼーションやICTの発展などに伴い，チームを取り巻く環境は複雑性を増している。これに柔軟に対応するべく，チームの取りうる形態は多様性が高められてきた。特に，近年は複数の異なる部門のメンバーから構成されるチーム，クロス・ファンクショナル・チーム（CFT）が注目を集めている。CFTは，単一の部門メンバーによって構成されるチームと比較して，メンバーがより多くの専門的知識や価値観を有するため，多角的に問題解決を目指すことが期待できる。ところが，本来はチームに力をもたらすことが想定されている知識や価値観の豊富さが，タスク遂行時に齟齬を生み出し，連携を難航させる事例も報告されている。例えば，CFT内で外部環境の認知に相違が存在していると，チーム活動の基本的方針から定まらない事態を招く恐れがある。このようなメンバーの認知の共有あるいは相違に関しては，チーム認知という概念から議論が行われてきた。しかし，従来のチーム認知研究の多くはチーム内部の物事（e.g., タスクの進め方，メンバーの専門的知識）の認知に重点を置いており，外部環境の認知に関しては十分に検討が行われてこなかった。そこで本研究では，CFTにおける外部環境の認知の相違に関する概念の理論化と，その尺度開発を行った。その上で，外部環境の認知の相違がCFTのパフォーマンスに及ぼす影響について検討を行った。

2025年03月06日(木) 16:20-17:50

永国寺キャンパス A311 役員会議室

Risky Choice and Boundary Conditions

Duncan James

Fordham University

with Sean Collins, Mark Isaac, and Anastasia Semykina

We implement a multi-period individual choice problem, where the evolution of earnings across past rounds affects working capital available for the next round. In addition, we impose treatments which reinitialize working capital and/or hold out a bonus for not exhausting working capital (i.e. going bankrupt). This allows us to ascertain the effect of the proximity of the bankruptcy boundary on risky choice.

2025年03月19日(水) 12:00-13:00

永国寺キャンパス A327